USB Power jaw ai ngu ai gaw hpa rai ta?

USB Power Delivery (USB PD) ngu ai gaw, USB matut mahkai ai lam hku nna, jak langai a lapran n-gun htawt sit ai lam hpe bawngban nna, 5 watts kaw nna 240 watts du hkra charge galaw ai ladat langai rai nga ai. volt sha shadawn sharam da ai madang USB port ni hte n bung ai sha, USB PD gaw 5V hte 48V lapran na voltage hpe dynamically gram lajang ya ai majaw, smartphone kaw nna n-gun kaba ai-laptop du hkra yawng hpe cable amyu langai hku nna charge galaw lu ai.

USB PD a hpang na lamik kumla gaw, lang ai masha law malawng galoi mung n mu yu ai, laklai ai daw lahkawng hta byin pru wa ai.

USB PD charger de jak langai hpe bang dat ai shaloi, USB-C matut mahkai ai shara kaw na Configuration Channel (CC) pin ni gaw kalang ta ga shaga hpang wa ai. Millisecond loi mi laman, charger gaw gara voltage hte current ni hpe jaw lu na hpe ndau ya nna, na a device gaw shi ra ai hpe bai htang ya ai. Ndai lata shingjawng ai lam gaw, Power Delivery Objects (PDOs) protocol-madung hku nna, npawt nhpang 5V kaw nna, charger a n-gun kaba dik htum du hkra, n-gun atsam hpe lata la mai ai menu hpe lang ai.

Power contract hpe myit hkrum ngut ai hpang, wan n-gun majing gaw VBUS pin ni hku nna lwi pru wa ai. Na a jak gaw charge galaw ai lam hpe ayan yu nga ai, ndai kaw gaw lam ni hpaji rawng wa ai: na a phone battery gaw lithium ion battery charge galaw ai shaloi katsi mat ai (sh) threshold nkau mi de du mat yang, mid-session hpe bai bawngban lu nna, cell ni hpe makawp maga na matu n-gun n law ai hpe hpyi shawn lu ai. Charger gaw microsecond laman hta bai htang nna, shi a pru ai lam hpe gram lajang ya ai. Ndai back-hte-hpang de gaw charge galaw ai aten tup matut manoi nga ai.

Voltage stepping gaw standard PD a matu masat da ai jat ai hku galaw ai: madung jak ni a matu 5V, phone law law a matu 9V, tablet nkau mi a matu 15V, laptop ni a matu 20V. Raitim, hpang de anhte sawk sagawn na PPS hte AVS- zawn re ai protocol nnan ni gaw-dai ngang kang ai hkrang hpe grau nna htuk manu ai lam langai mi a matu kabai kau ya ai.

USB Power Delivery

USB PD gaw lani mi hta n pru wa ai. 2012 ning hta shawng ningnan lang masat da ai power hpe 60 watts hta sha tawn da ai, dai aten hta rawt malan ai zawn rai nga ai. 2014 ning du wa ai shaloi, USB PD 2.0 gaw dai hpe lahkawng lang jat nna 100 watts de du wa ai majaw, hpang jahtum laptop charge galaw na matu mai kaja wa sai. Ndai version hta dai ni du hkra jak law law lang nga ai n galai shai ai n-gun (5V, 9V, 15V, 20V) ni hpe shapraw dan ai.

2017 ning hta shapraw ai USB PD 3.0 gaw Programmable Power Supply hpe la sa wa ai majaw, 3.3V hte 21V lapran na gara voltage hpe raitim, 20mV kaji kajaw jat nna, jak ni hpe hpyi shawn lu ai. Dai hpang 2021 ning hta USB PD 3.1 hta Extended Power Range hpe jat bang nna, 28V, 36V, hte 48V lata la mai ai lam nnan ni hku nna, n-gun hpe 240 watts de shadut dat ai. Apple a 16-inch MacBook Pro gaw 140W charge ra ai hte ndai hpe shawng nnan jai lang ai jak langai byin wa sai.

Kade nna ai aten hta, USB PD 3.2 gaw 2024 ning October shata hta ndai matsun hte du wa ai: 27 watts jan hpyi ai jak langai ngai gaw, ya aten hta Standard Power Range a matu, n-gun n-gun (AVS) hpe madi shadaw ra ai. iPhone 17 series gaw ndai hpe galaw ai shawng ningnan na smartphone kaba tai wa nna, shanhte a 40W n-gun rawng ai charge hpe galaw lu ai. USB-IF masat masa jahpan ni kaw na jahpan ni hpe madung tawn nna, 2024 October kaw nna 2025 ning praw lapran hta, jak 15,000 jan gaw PD 3.2 masat masa lu la sai.

Lithium ion battery hpe charge galaw ai shaloi, lawan ai hte asak galu ai lam lahkawng yan hpe grau kaja hkra galaw na matu, voltage hte current hpe hkrak tup hkang ra ai. Lithium cell langai mi gaw, n-gun yawm mat ai shaloi 3.0V hte charge hpring ai shaloi 4.2V lapran hta bungli galaw ai, raitim, jak law malawng gaw cell law law hpe series hku lang ai-na a laptop hta 3S4P configuration (cell masum series hku nna, parallel hku nna mali) nga ai rai nna, charge hpring ai shaloi 12.6V ra ai.

Ndai shara kaw USB PD a flexibility gaw grai ahkyak wa ai. Dynamic voltage n galai shai ai sha, charger langai gaw 20V hpe na a battery hparan ai ladat ra ai voltage de galai shai ra na rai nna, n-gun hpe katsi ai zawn jahten kau ra na re. PPS (sh) AVS hte, charger gaw, dai laptop battery a matu 20V a malai 11V hpe, yaw shada ai voltage hte grau ni ai hpe jaw ya lu ai-dai gaw, galai shai ai lam sum ai lam hpe, 15% daram kaw nna 3-5% de shayawm ya lu ai.

Lithium cell ni ra ai n-gun (CC/CV) charge galaw ai ladat gaw PPS a atsam marai ni hpe hkum tsup hkra map galaw ya ai. Shawng nnan na fast-charge aten hta, PPS gaw voltage rawt jat wa ai shaloi, n-gun hpe n-gun n-htum hkra tawn da ai. Cell gaw 4.2V de du wa ai shaloi, protocol gaw n galai shai ai voltage de galai mat nna, current gaw shayawm mat ai. Ya aten hta smartphone nkau mi gaw shanhte a kata na voltage regulator ni hpe tsep kawp lai di kau ai majaw PD charger hpe battery hpe hkrak sha jaw lu ai-Samsung a Super Fast Charging hpaji masa gaw ndai ladat hpe jai lang nna 99% jan n-gun rawng ai lam hpe lu la ai.

Lithium ion battery charge galaw ai shaloi nbung katsi ai hpe hkang lu ai atsam mung USB PD a bawngban hpawng galaw lu ai atsam kaw na akyu lu la ai. Battery hparan ai ladat gaw 45℃du hkra cell ni hpe mu yang, kalang ta n-gun yawm ai hpe hpyi shawn lu nna, moi na fast-charging ladat ni hpe hkra machyi shangun ai thermal runaway scenario ni hpe pat shingdang lu ai.

Program galaw mai ai Power Supply hte Adjustable Voltage Supply lahkawng yan gaw charge galaw ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw na matu yaw shada ai raitim, shanhte a bungli gaw n bung ai hte yaw shada lam n bung ai hpe galaw ya ai.

PPS gaw - aten tengman ai hta bungli galaw ai. Dai gaw 20mV step hku nna voltage hpe 50mA jat nna current hpe gram lajang ya ai, na a battery a voltage hpe n-gun n rawng ai kaw nna hpring ai de lung wa ai hpe hkan tam ai. PPS charger gaw na a device hte matut mahkai lam hpe ayan galaw ya nna, charge galaw ai aten langai hta power delivery hpe kalang lang gram lajang ya lu ai. Ndai lam gaw smartphone battery ni a matu grai kaja ai, dai gaw charge curve ting hta voltage hpe hkrak hkrak shingdaw ai majaw akyu lu la ai. PPS gaw 100W hta max out galaw nna 5V hte 21V lapran hta bungli galaw ai.

AVS gaw kaga ladat hpe lang ai .. Shi gaw 100mV step kaba ni hta voltage hpe gram lajang ya nna, matut manoi hkan tam ai hta grau nna, kalang lang-kalang (sh) kalang lang bawngban ai lam hpe madung tawn ai. Dai hpe galoi mung galai shai ai hta grau kaja ai fixed voltage hpe setting galaw ai zawn myit yu u. AVS gaw grau kaba ai power-240W-du hkra madi shadaw ya nna 9V hte 48V lapran hta bungli galaw lu ai. Dai hpaga lam-htum mat ai kun? Granular hpe n law ai hku hkang ai.

Tatut galaw mai ai lam a matu, PPS gaw smartphone charge galaw na matu grau kaja ai hku naw rai nga ai, hpa majaw nga yang, shi a hkrak ai lam hte tengman ai-ten hpe galai shai lu ai majaw re. AVS gaw n-gun kaba ra ai raitim second-by-second galai shai ra ai laptop hte monitor ni a matu htoi tu nga ai. 2025 ning du hkra, Android flagship phone ni hta 65% daram gaw PPS hpe madi shadaw ai, AVS hpe jai lang ai jak ni hta jai lang ai lam gaw 5% npu kaw naw nga ai hpe ChargerLAB chyam dinglik ai jahpan hku yu yang mu lu ai.

PPS gaw lata la mai ai lam rai nna, 27W jan hpyi shawn ai jak ni a matu PD 3.2 hta AVS gaw ra sharawng ai lam byin wa ai majaw, myit n hkrum ai lam grau law wa ai. Na a charger gaw lahkawng yan hpe madi shadaw ya lu ai, langai hpe madi shadaw ya lu ai-rai nna gara hpe tsun dan na matu asan sha ka da ai lam n nga ai aten law law nga ai.

USB PD gaw Power Delivery Objects hpe lang nna atsam marai ni hpe matut mahkai ai lam galaw ai raitim, teng sha jaw ya ai power gaw lahkawng maga na bawngban ai lam hta madung nga ai.

100W charger langai gaw, n galai shai ai PDO kru hpe ndau shabra lu na re:

5V @ 3A (15W)

9V @ 3A (27W)

15V @ 3A (45W)

20V @ 3A (60W)

20V @ 5A (100W)

Dai hta n-ga, 5V-21V @ 5A hpe jaw ya ai PPS APDO hpe mung mai byin ai.

Na a device gaw ndai menu hpe yu nna, ra ai hpe lata la ai. 27W hpe sumla hkrung galaw ai phone langai mi gaw 9V @ 3A hpe hpyi shawn na re. 60W laptop langai mi gaw 20V @ 3A hpe hpyi na re. Device lahkawng yan gaw multi-port charger hku nna kalang ta charge galaw ai rai yang, power gaw garan mat ai-law law lang dynamic hku nna, matut da ai device ni gaw kaga ni hpe plug in (sh) unplug galaw ai shaloi bai bawngban ai lam ni galaw ai.

Ndai shara kaw lam ni gaw user ni hpe myit daw myit hten shangun chye ai. Nang na 100W laptop hpe 100W charger kaw bang dat yang, hpa majaw n-gun n rawng ai sha charge galaw ai hpe myit yu ai. Mahtai gaw, na a laptop gaw dai charger a PDO list hta n lawm ai, laksan voltage hpawng de ai lam ni ra ai, shing nrai, cable gaw 5A hpe n madi shadaw ai majaw, 60W maximum sha rai na re. Laptop gaw gara profile bungli galaw tim bai hkrat sum mat ai, law malawng gaw 45W (sh) 60W sha re.

E-mark galaw da ai cable ni gaw ndai manghkang hpe hparan ya ai. Ndai cable ni hta shawng nnan lata shingjawng ai shaloi shanhte a atsam hpe chye lu ai chip (e-marker) lawm ai. Charger gaw 60W jan n jaw na re, cable gaw 5A hpe hkam la lu ai hpe n kam ai sha. Ndai shimlam gaw grai katsi ai hpe pat shingdang ya ai, raitim, na a $5 generic USB-C cable gaw na a charger n re ai sha, n-gun n rawng ai lam rai na re ngu ai lachyum re.

USB Power Delivery

USB PD a hpaji rawng dik ai atsam langai gaw, device ni hpe kadai wa power jaw nga ai hpe n dawm ai sha galai shai ya lu ai.

Nang bungli galaw nga ai aten hta, na a laptop hpe n-gun jaw ai docking station hpe sumla hkrung galaw u. Dai dock gaw "source" rai nna, na a laptop gaw "sink" rai nga ai. Marai langai ngai gaw dock a power cord ntsa de hkrat sum mat yang, htunghking USB gaw kalang ta power hpe dawm kau ya nna-matut da ai drive ni hta na data ni hpe jahten kau ya lu ai. Fast Role Swap (FRS) gaw n-gun yawm mat ai hpe mu nna, Microsecond 150 laman hta, n-gun ni hpe galai shai kau ya ai. Na a laptop gaw source byin wa ai, ya gaw dock hte shi a peripheral ni hpe shi a battery kaw na power jaw nga ai.

Ndai bidirectional atsam gaw hkrit tsang hpa masa ni hta lai nna, jat wa ai. Laptop hkum nan gaw bunghku kaw na adapter kaw na charge galaw ai shaloi pyi, laptop a battery kaw na phone hpe charge galaw mai ai. Power bank ni gaw USB-C port langai kaw nna power hpe hkap la lu ai hte jaw lu ai. Ya gaw e-bike battery nkau mi gaw USB PD hpe lang nna charge galaw ai shaloi, phone hte pyengdin ni hpe kalang ta n-gun jaw nga ai.

FRS lata shingjawng ai lam gaw CC pins hku nna byin pru wa ai. Source langai mi a n-gun yawm mat ai shaloi, CC line hpe 60-120 microsecond daram ga de gang je kau ai-dai gaw myit mada da ai signal re, accident n re. Galoi mung yu reng nga ai sink gaw ndai signal hpe rim la nna, kalang ta source nnan tai na matu tsun ai. VBUS voltage 5V npu de n hkrat shi yang, swap yawng ngut mat nna, downstream device ni hpe n-htum n-wai power hpe n-gun jaw ya ai.

USB PD hta makawp maga ai lam law law lawm ai raitim, ecosystem gaw hkum tsup ai n re.

PD galaw ai lam shagu hta overcurrent hpe makawp maga ai lam lawm ai. Charger gaw, teng sha kade daram current lwi nga ai hpe yu nna, bawngban da ai shadawn shadang 10% jan lai mat yang, pat kau na re. Overvoltage makawp maga ai lam mung dai hte maren sha galaw ai-VBUS gaw myit hkrum da ai voltage hta 10% jan rawt wa yang, device lahkawng yan hpe dawm kau ra ai.

Temperature hpe hkam sha ai lam gaw lahkawng maga kaw byin ai. Charger ni hta thermistors ni lawm nna, 85℃jan ai shaloi power hpe shayawm kau ya lu ai (sh) tsep kawp pat kau ya lu ai. Device ni gaw battery hte charge circuit a katsi ai hpe mung yu nna, arai ni grai katsi wa ai shaloi, power hpe shayawm na matu hpyi shawn ai.

Manghkang gaw kun? USB-C arung arai yawng gaw, masat da ai hpe hkan sa ai n re. Benson Leung a hpung zawn re ai uhpung ni a shanglawt ai hku chyam dinglik ai shaloi, shanhte a atsam marai ni hpe masu hkalem ai cable ni, ya aten na shadawn sharam hpe madun dan ra ai pull-up resistor ni n nga ai, bawngban hpawng galaw ai shaloi n grin ai voltage ni hpe jaw ya ai charger ni hpe mu lu ai. Ndai out-of-spec arung arai ni gaw, jak ni hpe hkra machyi shangun ai (sh) n law htum, charge n galaw ai (sh) n mai galaw ai hpe byin shangun ai.

Cable quality gaw masha law malawng chye na ai hta grau ahkyak ai. 2024 ning hta Granite River Labs kaw nna shapraw ai sawk sagawn ai lam langai hta, online gat lawk ni kaw na random USB-C cable 200 hpe chyam yu nna, 38% gaw madung wan n-gun masat masa ni hpe n lu galaw ai hpe mu lu ai. 100W hpe madi shadaw ai ni hta na 12% gaw, full load npu hta stable voltage hpe n lu tawn da ai majaw, voltage hkrat sum ai majaw, n-gun rawng ai jak ni hta shim lum ai hku pat kau hkrum ai.

Charger langai a wattage nambat gaw, na a device hpa hpe hkam la na hpe n re ai sha, shi a atsam kaba dik htum hpe tsun dan ai. "PD 3.0" ngu nna ndau shabra ai 65W charger gaw, na a battery hparan ai system hpyi shawn ai hte voltage profile ni n htap htuk ai rai yang, na a laptop hpe 45W sha jaw lu na re.

Ndai lam ni hpe yu yu ga:

Voltage jahpan: Kaja ai charger ni gaw shanhte a PDO ni hpe asan sha ka da ai. "5V/3A, 9V/3A, 15V/3A, 20V/3.25A" (sh) dai hte bung ai hpe tam u.

PPS madi shadaw ai: Android phone lang ai rai yang, "PPS 5-21V @ 5A" ngu ai gaw, lawan ai hku charge galaw lu ai atsam hpring tsup ai ngu ai lachyum re.

AVS gaw -n-gun ja ai jak ni a matu: 2024 ning htum wa de 27W jan ra ai device ni gaw AVS hpe madi shadaw ra ai, dai majaw charger specs hta "AVS 9-20V" ngu ai hpe tam u.

Sakse hkam ai lam: USB-IF masat masa (TID nambat) gaw charger gaw hkan sa ai lam chyam dinglik ai hta lai mat sai hpe madi madun ai.

Cable ni a matu gaw, masat da ai lam ni gaw ahkyak ai. "USB 2.0" ngu masat da ai cable gaw 480 Mbps du hkra na data lawan ai hpe sha hparan lu ai raitim 240W n-gun jaw ai hpe naw madi shadaw ya lu ai-data hte n-gun masat masa ni hpe garan tawn da ai. Ndai hpe tam u:

5Ashing nrai100W+-n-gun kaba ai application ni a matu masat masa galaw ai

E- masat kumla shingnip60W jan ai hpa baw a matu ra ai

USB-IF masat masa galaw ai(cables ni hta ndai gaw grau n law tim)

Multi-port charger ni gaw yak hkak ai lam ni hpe shabyin ya ai. 100W dual-port charger gaw port langai kaw na 100W, shing nrai lahkawng yan active nga ai shaloi 65W + 30W jaw lu na re. Kaja dik ai ni gaw dynamic power allocation hpe lang nna, matut da ai jak ni hpe second loi mi shagu jep yu nna ra ai hku power hpe bai garan jaw ai. Budget hkrang ni gaw, 65W + 35W garan na matu gram lajang da ai 100W charger langai hta 30W phone langai sha n-gun hpe jai lang ai shaloi, 35W sha lu la na re ngu ai, masat da ai garan gachyan ai masing ni hpe lang ma ai.

N rai, Power negotiation gaw device ni hpyi shawn ai hpe sha lu la na matu galaw ya ai. 18W hpe sha madi shadaw ai phone hte matut da ai 100W charger gaw bawngban ngut ai hpang 18W tup hkrak jaw na re. Dai extra capacity gaw n lang ai sha dung nga ai.

USB-C cable yawng gaw power hpe hkrak hkra n madi shadaw ya ai. Cable ni hpe na a n-gun ra ai -60W hte bungli npu hta masat da ai cable ni hte masat da ra ai, raitim 100W hte dai hta jan ai ni gaw e-marker chip lawm ai 5A- masat da ai cable ni ra ai. Underrated cable lang ai gaw charge galaw ai aten hpe shayawm kau ya lu ai (sh) grai katsi mat chye ai.

Madung lam masum: cable hpe current kaba a matu n masat da ai, na a device a battery gaw katsi ai hte shim lum na matu charge speed hpe throttled galaw da ai, shing nrai charger gaw na a device ra sharawng ai voltage hpe n madi shadaw ya ai. Device nkau mi gaw screen hpaw ai (sh) device hpe lang nga ai aten hta charge galaw ai aten hpe mung pat shingdang da ai.

USB-C ngu ai gaw hkum hkrang matut mahkai hkrang-kaji ai, nhtang wa mai ai plug hpe tsun mayu ai. USB PD gaw dai connector hku nna lawan ai hku charge galaw lu nna, n-gun kaba hpe jaw ya lu ai matut mahkai ladat re. PD n lawm ai sha USB-C hpe lang mai ai, raitim USB PD hta gaw USB-C ra ai.

USB Power Delivery

USB PD gaw, madu ai charger ni a drawer hpe yeng seng kau na matu ga sadi jaw da ai, dai hpe daw mi sha sa ya sai. Ya gaw phone, tablet, laptop, hte arung arai law law hpe charger langai kaw na charge galaw mai sai-, power ra ai lam hte protocol hpe madi shadaw ai lam hpe chye na ai rai yang.

Raitim, dai specification a galai shai wa ai lam gaw, garan ginhka ai lam hpe shabyin ya ai. PPS vs AVS, SPR vs EPR, 27W ngut ai hpang ra kadawn ai AVS, galaw shapraw ai ni n bung ai hku galaw ai lata la mai ai atsam ningja ni-ndai ni gaw myit n hkrum ai lam ni hpe shabyin ya ai. 2020 kaw na jak langai gaw 2025 charger hte lawan ai hku-charge n lu na re, lahkawng yan gaw "USB PD 3.0" hpe madi shadaw ai ngu tsun tim.

European Union a 2024 ning du hkra jak law malawng hta USB-C lang ra ai ngu ai tara gaw lawan ladan hkap la ai raitim ndai htuk manu ai lam ni hpe mung dan dawng shangun ai. Ya aten hta, hpaga hpung ni gaw, grau dan dawng ai masat da ai madang ni hpe shadut nga ai, raitim, 2025 ning a shawng daw de, nang gaw, madung "fast charging" ngu ai hpe kam ai hta,, laksan protocol madi shadaw ai lam hpe naw jep yu ra ai.

Lithium ion battery lawm ai jak ni a matu, USB PD gaw, n galai shai ai-voltage charge galaw ai hta grau nna, n-gun grau ja wa ai hpe madi madun ai. Ndai protocol gaw source voltage hpe battery ra ai hte ni htep hkra galaw lu ai atsam gaw, n kaja ai nbung hpe shayawm ya nna, grai n hkru ai sha lawan ai hku charge galaw lu ai. PPS hpe hkap la ai lam matut nna rawt jat wa ai hte maren-grau nna, shawng de madu ai madang ni hpe kam hpa ai mid-range Android device ni hta-anhte gaw teng sha mungkan ting hpe lawan ai hku charge galaw ai de grau ni wa nga ga ai.

Cable gaw gawng kya ai link hku naw rai nga ai. e-marker chips ni hpe USB-C cable yawng a matu ra sharawng ai lam n galaw shi yang, grau kaja ai hku hkan sa ai lam gaw, -htap htuk ai arung arai ni hpe gat de n shang shangun ai aten du hkra, lang ai ni gaw, masat da ai lam ni hpe sadi maja ra ai. "Yawng a matu cable langai" ngu ai ga sadi gaw teng sha rai nga ai, raitim dai cable gaw USB-IF madang ni hpe teng sha hkan sa ai rai yang she mai byin ai. Rating ni hpe yu nna, masat da ai lam hpe tam nna, mai byin yang, na a high-power jak ni hte galaw ai company langai kaw na cable ni hpe lang u.