Lithium battery hta lawm ai wan n-gun gaw hpa rai ta?
wan sau
Lithium{0}}ion battery kata na electrolyte gaw battery kata na ion ni hpe htaw sa ai wa rai nga ai. Dai gaw, sumla 7-4 hta madun da ai hte maren, lithium sau, organic hka htung, hte jat bang ai arung arai ni hte hpawng de da ai. Electrolyte gaw lithium-ion battery a kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode lapran ion ni hpe woi awn ai hta ahkyak ai lit nga ai, dai gaw shi a akyu ara ni rai nga ai, n-gun kaba ai hte n-gun kaba ai n-gun kaba ai zawn re ai ni hpe hkam la lu ai. Electrolytes ni hpe laksan masa lam ni hta hte masat da ai shadawn shadang ni hta -san seng ai organic hka ja ai baw ni, lithium sau ni, ra kadawn ai jat bang ai arung arai ni kaw na shajin da ai. Electrode arung arai ni gaw battery a n-gun n-gun hpe dawdan ya ai raitim, electrolyte gaw madung hku nna shi a cycle prat, nbung n-gun kaba hte n-gun yawm ai aten hta galaw lu ai atsam, shim lum lam ni hpe dawdan ya ai. Electrolyte a madung nsam gaw n galai shai ai sha naw nga ai; hpaji ningnan gaw madung hku nna, lithium sau hte jat bang ai arung arai ni hpe gyin shalat ai lam hta rai nga ai, dai hta n-ga, lithium-ion battery ni hta lawm ai interfacial chemical process ni hte ladat ni hpe grau sung ai hku chye na hkawn hkrang wa ai lam hta mung rai nga ai.
Lithium sau amyu myu nga ai, sumla 7-5 hta mu lu ai zawn, raitim, hpaga yumga galaw mai ai lithium-ion battery ni hta lang ai gaw grai n law ai. Kaja dik ai lithium sau gaw lawu na atsam ni hpe hkam la ra ai:
1) N-gun n law ai, organic hka hta loi loi hte lwi mat ai, electrolyte a ionic conductivity grai law hkra galaw ya ai.
2) Antioxidant hte shayawm ai lam hpe ninghkap lu ai anion ni; shayawm ai arung arai ni gaw ngang grin ai, n-gun n law ai-seI film hpe byin tai wa hkra karum ya ai.
3) Kaja ai chemical n-gun rawng ai, electrode arung arai, electrolyte, shing nrai, garan ginhka ai arung arai ni hte n kaja ai maga de n-gun n rawng ai.
4) Asan sha hkyen lajang ai ladat, manu n law ai, -n hkru n kaja ai hte n san seng ai-n lawm ai.
LiPF6 gaw grau nna lang ai lithium sau re. Shi a langai hkrai a atsam marai ni gaw shi a grau dan dawng ai n rai tim, carbonate kayau kaya ai hka ja ai electrolytes ni hta grau kaja ai yawng hkra galaw lu ai atsam hpe madun dan ai. LiPF6 hta lawu na ahkyak ai akyu ni nga ai:
1) Hka n lawm ai hka hta htuk manu ai hka n-gun hte ionic conductivity grai law ai.
2) Aluminium foil n-gun shinggyin ai jak ni a ntsa e ngang grin ai passivation film hpe shabyin ya lu ai.
3) Dai gaw graphite electrode ntsa kaw carbonate hka htung ni hte rau n-gun rawng ai SEI film hpe hpaw shabawn ya ai.
Raitim, LiPF6 gaw thermal stability n kaja ai majaw, n-gun yawm mat chye ai. Byproducts ni gaw electrode ntsa kaw na SEI film hpe hkra machyi shangun nna, kaja ai electrode active daw ni hpe garan kau ya lu ai, cycle galaw ai shaloi capacity hpe hkra machyi shangun lu ai.
LiBF gaw lithium sau hpe mung law law lang lang lang ai. LiPF6 hte shingdaw yang, LiBF gaw bungli galaw ai nbung n-gun grau dam lada ai, nbung n-gun grau tsaw ai-n-gun grau kaja ai, nbung n-gun kaji ai-n-gun grau kaja ai. LiBF gaw n-gun kaba ai, n-gun kaba ai electrochemical window, n-gun n-gun kaja ai. Shi a kaba dik ai akyu gaw shi a film-forming properties hta rai nga ai, hpa majaw nga yang shi gaw SEI film hpe hkrang shapraw ai hta hkrak shang lawm lu ai majaw re.
Structural hku yu yang, LiDFOB gaw LiBOB hte LiBF a daw mi -molecule ni hte hpawng de da ai rai nna, LiBOB a kaja ai film-forming atsam ni a akyu ni hte LiBF4 a kaja ai n-gun n law ai-hkum tsup ai atsam ni hpe kahkyin gumdin da ai. LiBOB hte shingdaw yu yang, LiDFOB gaw linear carbonate hka hta grau law ai hka lim ai hte hka lim ai hta grau law ai hka lim ai atsam nga ai. Shi a n-gun kaba ai hte n-gun kaji ai n-gun gaw LiPF4 hta grau kaja ai, battery cathode hte mung kaja ai hku htuk manu ai majaw, aluminum foil ntsa kaw passivation film byin wa nna, electrolyte oxidation hpe pat shingdang lu ai.
LiTFSI hkrang hta lawm ai CF3SO2 hpung ni gaw n-gun ja ai electron-hprawng shapraw ai atsam nga ai, dai gaw n kaja ai charge a delocalization hpe grau sawng shangun nna ion association pairing hpe shayawm ya ai majaw, hka htung a n-gun grai ja ai. Dai hta n-ga, LiTFSI gaw wan n-gun n-gun grai ja ai, nbung n-gun grai ja ai, hka hte loi loi hte n-gun n rawng ai; rai tim, 3.7V jan ai voltage ni hta aluminum current shinggyin la ai ni hpe grai hkra machyi shangun na re.
LiFSI molecule kata na fluorine atom ni gaw n-gun ja ai electron-hkap la ai atsam nga ai, dai gaw N ntsa na negative charge hpe delocalize galaw ya ai majaw, ion matut mahkai lam n-gun kya nna Li+ hpe loi loi hte garan ginhka lu ai majaw, conductivity grai law hkra byin wa ai.
LiPO2F2 gaw n-gun n law ai-kaja ai n-gun hpe madun dan nna, electrolyte a n-gun kaba ai -n-gun hpe mung grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Additive hku nna, negative electrode ntsa hta LixPOyFz hte LiF law ai SEI film hpe shabyin ya lu ai majaw, battery a lapran na n-gun hpe shayawm ya lu nna, battery a shingjawng ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Raitim, LiPO2F2 mung n-gun n law ai majaw hkam sha nga ai.
Madung daw gaw .ntsin wan n-gunngu ai gaw, lithium sau ni hpe hka ja ya nna, lithium ion ni hpe htaw sa ya ai organic solvent re. Lithium-ion battery electrolyte a matu kaja dik ai organic ntsin gaw lawu na masa ni hpe hkan sa ra ai:
1) Lithium sau ni a matu dielectric constant grai tsaw ai hte n-gun ja ai hka ja lu ai atsam nga ai.
2) Melting point n law ai hte boiling point kaba ai, n-gun kaba ai shara hta n-gun rawng ai masa hpe n-gun rawng hkra tawn da ai.
3) N-gun n law ai, lithium-ion htaw sa na matu loi ai.
4) Chemical stability kaja ai, kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode structure hpe n jahten kau ai (sh) kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hpe n jahten kau ya ai.
5) Flash point grai tsaw ai, shim lum ai lam kaja ai, manu n law ai, -n hkru n kaja ai hte -n san seng ai lam n nga ai.
Lithium-ion battery n-gun dat ni hta lang ai n-gun dat ni hpe madung hku nna carbonate n-gun dat ni hte organic ether n-gun dat ni ngu nna garan nna, sumla 7-6 hta mu lu ai. Hpaji rawng ai lithium-ion battery electrolyte hpe lu la na matu, organic solvent lahkawng (sh) dai hta jan ai lawm ai kayau kaya ai solvent hpe lang chye ai majaw, langai hte langai hpe madi shadaw ya lu nna, yawng hpe grau kaja hkra galaw lu ai. Kalang lang lang ai carbonate hka htung ni a hkum hkrang masa ni hpe Table 7-1 hta madun da ai.
Table 7-1 Carbonate hka ja ai baw ni a hkum hkrang atsam ningja ni
| Organic hka ja ai baw | Hkrum shaga ai Dielectric n galai shai ai | Hka lim ai shara/ degree | Hka lum ai shara/ degree | Viscosity shadawn shadang |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethylene Kabonat (EC) | 89.6 | 37 | 243 | 1.86 |
| Propilen Kabonat (PC) | 64.4 | -55 | 240 | 2.53 |
| Dimethyl n-gun (DMC) | 0.59 | 2 | 91 | 0.59 |
| Dietyl Kabonat (DEC) | 2.8 | -43 | 126 | 0.75 |
| Ethyl Methyl Karbonat (EMC) | 3.0 | -53 | 108 | 0.65 |
Organic ether hka ja ai hta madung hku nna 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP), dimethoxymethane (DMM), hte ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) zawn re ai shingnip shingna hka ja ai ether ni lawm ai, shing nrai, shingnip shingna ether ni lawm ai. Chain ether solvent ni a matu, carbon chain galu wa yang, chemical n-gun grau kaja wa ai, raitim, n-gun grau law wa nna, lithium-ion htawt sit ai lam yawm wa ai. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether gaw lithium hexafluorophosphate hte n-gun n rawng ai chelate (LiPF6·DME) hpe hpaw shabawn lu nna, lithium sau ni a matu n-gun ja ai hka lim ai atsam hpe madun dan nna, hka lim ai atsam grai law hkra byin shangun ai. Raitim, DME gaw chemical n-gun n kaja ai majaw, n-gun n rawng ai electrode arung arai a ntsa e n-gun rawng ai passivation film hpe n lu galaw ai.
Carbonate n-gun dat ni hta, n-gun dat (PC) hte n-gun dat (EC) zawn re ai n-gun dat ni lawm nna, n-gun dat (DMC), n-gun dat (DEC), EMC (EMC) zawn re ai n-gun dat ni lawm ai. Cyclic carbonates ni hta dielectric constant grai law ai majaw, lithium sau ni hpe grau lwi shangun ai, raitim, shanhte hta n-gun grai law ai majaw, lithium-ion htawt sit ai lam yawm mat ai. Chain carbonates ni gaw dielectric constant n law ai hte lithium sau hta n-gun n rawng ai, raitim, n-gun n law ai hte lwi ai atsam kaja ai majaw, lithium-ion htawt sit ai lam hpe loi shangun ai.
Lithium-ion wan n-gun dat ni a matu wan n-gun shayawm ai n-gun dat amyu myu hpe sumla 7-7 hta madun da ai. Additives, loi mi sha lang ai gaw, ahkyak ai akyu ni nga ai rai nna, lithium-ion battery ni a bungli hpe grau kaja hkra galaw na matu sut masa hte tatut galaw mai ai ladat langai rai nga ai. Lithium-ion battery ni a electrolyte hta additives kaji kajaw bang ai hku nna, battery a bungli galaw ai atsam nkau mi hpe laksan hku nna gram lajang lu ai, ga shadawn, nhtang wa lu ai atsam, electrode/electrolyte hte htuk manu ai lam, cycle galaw lu ai atsam, rate galaw lu ai atsam, hte shim lum ai lam ni hpe lithium{{} battery ni hta ahkyak ai lit nga ai. Kaja dik ai lithium-ion battery wan n-gun dat jat ai gaw lawu na arawn alai mali hpe hkam la ra ai:
1) Organic hka hta hka lim ai atsam grai law ai.
2) Kachyi mi sha gaw, bungli galaw ai atsam langai (sh) law law hpe grai shatsaw ya lu ai.
3) Battery a bungli hpe hkra machyi shangun ai kaga battery arung arai ni hte n kaja ai side reactions n nga ai.
4) Manu n law ai, -n hkru n kaja ai (sh) n hkru n kaja ai.
Shanhte a bungli hpe madung tawn nna, jat bang ai arung arai ni hpe, n-gun dat hpe n-gun dat ai arung arai ni, n-gun grai ja ai hpe makawp maga ya ai arung arai ni, wan n-gun hpe shayawm ya ai arung arai ni, SEI film-forming arung arai ni, cathode material hpe makawp maga ya ai arung arai ni, LiPF6 stabilizers ni, hte kaga bungli galaw ai arung arai ni ngu nna garan ginhka mai ai.
Conductive additives ni gaw, lithium-ion battery ni a rate bungli hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai, wan n-gun ion ni hte matut mahkai nna, lithium sau hpe hka ja shangun ai, wan n-gun hpe jat ya ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun jat ai lam ni gaw, shada da shingjawng hkat ai lam hku nna bungli galaw ai majaw, ligand jat ai lam ni ngu nna mung shamying ma ai, dai ni hpe shada da kanawn mazum ai ion hpe madung tawn nna, anionic ligand, cationic ligand, neutral ligand ngu nna garan ginhka da ai.
Overcharge makawp maga ai additives ni gaw overcharge hpe makawp maga ya ai (sh) overcharge hpe hkam sharang lu ai atsam hpe jat ya ai. Shanhte hpe bungli galaw ai hku nna redox jat ai hte monomer jat ai ngu nna garan ginhka da ai. Ya aten hta, redox additives ni gaw madung hku nna anisole series ni rai nna, dai ni gaw redox atsam grai law ai hte hka lim ai lam kaja ai. Monomer jat bang ai ni gaw, n-gun kaba ai n-gun npu hta polymerization byin ai lam ni hpe hkrum sha nna, nbung ni hpe shapraw kau ya ai, dai polymer gaw cathode arung arai ntsa hpe ka-up ya ai majaw, charge hpe jahkring kau ya ai. Monomer jat bang ai hta madung hku nna xylene hte phenylcyclohexane zawn re ai manam pyaw ai baw ni lawm ai.
Wan n-gun hpe pat shingdang ai additives ni gaw, wan hkru ai shara hpe sharawt ya ai hku nna (sh) wan hkru ai hpe pat shingdang ai free radical chain reaction hpe jahkring kau ai hku nna bungli galaw ai. Shanhte a amyu ni hpe sumla 7-8 hta madun da ai. Wan n-gun shayawm ya ai tsi ni hpe bang ai gaw, wan n-gun hpe shayawm ya lu ai, lithium-ion battery ni a bungli galaw ai nbung laru hpe grau dam lada hkra galaw ya lu ai, shanhte a bungli galaw ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai ahkyak ai ladat langai rai nga ai. Wan n hkru ai additives ni a bungli galaw ai ladat ni gaw madung hku nna lahkawng rai nga ai:
1) Gas hte condensed lapran hta insulating layer hpe galaw ya ai hku nna, condensed hte gas lahkawng yan hta wan hkru ai lam hpe pat shingdang ya ai.
2) Shanhte gaw wan hkru ai lam hta free radicals ni hpe rim la nna, gas phase lapran na wan hkru ai lam ni hpe pat shingdang ai free radical chain reaction hpe jahkring kau ya ai.
