Lithium-ion a arawn alai ni gaw hpa rai ta?

Lithium-ion Battery a atsam marai hte wan n-gun atsam ni

Lithium-ion battery ni a charge-ion a n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai ni a shamu shamawt ai arung arai ni hpe sha lithium-ion a lapran na matut mahkai lam/hka n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai lam ni hpe hkam la ai, electrolyte hte kaga arung arai ni hpe n jai lang ai. Dai majaw, kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode arung arai ni gaw, lithium ions hpe bai nhtang/hkap la ai lam hpe bai nhtang/hkap la ai atsam gaw, battery a hpaw da ai-} grup yin hpe dawdan ya ai, lithium ions ni a n-gun gaw, shamu shamawt ai arung arai ni a atsam hpe dawdan ya ai. Mungkan ting na lithium-ion battery galaw ai ni hte lithium-ion battery galaw ai ni law law gaw, ngang grin ai masha law law hpe galaw shapraw lu na matu hte, n-gun rawng ai arung arai ni hpe galaw lu na matu, ndai arung arai ni a arawn alai ni hpe kam hpa ma ai.

Negative electrode a matu, Equation (1.2) hte maren, bai htang ai lam byin pru wa ai. Carbon (12g) a mole (12g), lithium ions 1/6 mol law dik htum hpe shingdaw mai ai. Dai majaw, carbon n kaja ai electrode arung arai a theoretical laksan atsam gaw .
1/6(mol)×96485(N-ga n-gun n-gun,C/mol)/12(g)/12(g{4}}/g{5}}(mA·h/g) (1.5)

Shani shagu lang ai shaloi, hkap la ai majaw lithium sum mat ai hpe myit yu nna, n-gun ja ai electrolyte interphase (SEI) sumla hkrung hpe hpaw shabawn ai lam hpe myit yu yang, carbon arung arai ni a teng sha lu la mai ai atsam gaw 300–345 mA·h/g rai nga ai. Lithium-ion battery pack dut ai ni woi awn ai ni gaw, kaja dik htum graphite tsi ladat hte hkrak tup ai shingnip ni hku nna ndai madang hpe lu la ma ai.

Kaja ai electrode arung arai ni a matu, shi a atsam gaw, hka htung ion ni hpe shaw/shang shangun mai ai lithium ion ni a n-gun hta madung nga ai. LiCoO€ hpe ga shadawn hku nna la ai shaloi, LiCoO€ langai hta lithium ions 1 mol du hkra shang lawm lu ai. Dai majaw, LiCoO€ (relative molecular mass 97.86) a theoretical laksan atsam gaw .
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/97.86(g) 3}C/g{4}}(mA·h/g) (1.6) (1.6)

Tatut hta, LiCoO€ arung arai a crystal stability hpe matut manoi tawn da na matu, yawng 30%–60% daram sha lithium ions ni shang lawm ai. Dai majaw, LiCoO€ arung arai a tengman ai atsam gaw 137–164 mA·h/g rai nga ai. Major lithium-ion battery OEM galaw ai ni gaw, shim lum lam hpe hkam la lu ai sha n-ga, cycle a prat hpe grau law hkra lu la na matu, rawt jat galu kaba wa ai BMS hku nna pru wa nna, n-gun ja ai BMS hku nna pru wa ai.

Lithium iron phosphate a matu, Lithium iron phosphate a mole 1 mol gaw, dai n-gun hta hkum tsup ai hku shang lawm lu ai. Dai majaw, lithium iron phosphate arung arai a theoretical hte tengman ai atsam (relative molecular mass 157.8) a atsam gaw .
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/157.8(g)/157.8(g)/157.8(g{4}}(mA·h/g) (mA·h/g) (1.7).

Shingra tara hta, Li/Li⁺ a masat da ai redox potential gaw npu htum ai,-3.04 V (vs. standard hydrogen electrode) de du wa ai. Carbon n kaja ai electrode arung arai ni a matu, lithium-ion hpe shaw la nna bang ai atsam gaw Li/Li⁺equilibrium atsam hte ni ai. Electrochemical theory hku yu yang, nta kata na nbung katsi ai aten hta, carbon n kaja ai electrode a electrode atsam E gaw .

E=Hpaji + 0.02567 E E℃.

Gara kaw rai
E℃- masat da ai electrode atsam;
C(Li 2) - gaw electrolyte hka hta lithium ions ni a n-gun rawng ai;
C(Li,C₆) - gaw n kaja ai electrode carbon hta lithium ion ni a n-gun dat hpe bang da ai.

Dai hka hta na lithium ion n-gun hte n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun ni htum mat ai shaloi, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-nga ai electrode a electrode atsam gaw, madang shayawm lu ai atsam E℃hte maren sha rai nga ai. Madung hku nna, electrolyte kata na lithium ion n-gun hpe masat da ai majaw, n kaja ai electrode carbon hta lithium ion n-gun galai shai ai lam gaw, n kaja ai electrode atsam hta galai shai wa na re. Ya aten hta Li/C₆ a hkrak ai rap ra ai atsam hpe x manu n bung ai hku sawn la na matu mungkan ting na ladat n nga ai. Madung hku nna chyam dinglik ai lam hku nna dawdan da ai. Chyam dinglik ai lam ni gaw, graphite- kaw na npawt nhpang arung arai ni a delithiation atsam gaw, 0–0.4 V lapran hta n bung ai hpe mu lu ai (vs. Li/Li⁺), dai ni hpe jai lang na matu grai htap htuk ai n kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hpe galaw ya ai. Hkrang 1.2 hta graphite negative electrode langai a arawn alai hpe madun da ai.

LiCoO€ kaja ai electrode arung arai ni a matu, lithium intercalation/deintercalation galaw ai lam gaw, langai sha rai nga ai-hkum hkrang n-gun langai sha rai nga ai. Kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hta lithium ion n-gun galai shai wa ai hte maren, kaja ai electrode a atsam mung galai shai wa ai. Equation (1.1) hta byin ai n-gun atsam a matu, electrolyte hta lithium ion n-gun hpe 1 mol/L hku nna myit yu yang, n-gun rawng ai Equation a n-gun gaw .

E=Hpaji + 0.02567 E E℃.

Gara kaw rai
E℃- masat da ai electrode atsam;
C(LiCoO€) - gaw, kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hta LiCoO lu ai lam;
C(Li⁺,CoO€) - a hkam kaja lam hpe n-gun jaw ai lam hta, kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hta lawm ai;
Lithium ions ni hpe shaw la ai shaloi, kaja ai electrode atsam gaw hkrat sum ai lam hpe madun dan ai.

Lithium iron phosphate hpe n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai hpri phosphate kaw nna, n-gup n-gu n-gun yawm ai hpang, hpri phosphate de galai shai wa ai lam re.

Lithium iron phosphate electrode kaw na n-gun gaw .
LiFePO% ↔ FePO% + Li- + e ⁻ (1.10)

Shi a lithium-ion a lapran na intercalation/deintercalation galaw ai lam gaw lahkawng-}pse reaction lahkawng rai nga ai. Dai majaw, kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hta lithium ion n-gun galai shai ai lam gaw, kaja ai electrode a galai shai wa ai lam hpe n hkra ai. Shi a rap ra ai atsam gaw .

E=Hpaji masa E + 0.02567 · ln[C(FePO€)/C(LiFePO°)] (1.11)

Pulelids ni a n-gun gaw 1. Shi a thermodynamic parameters hpe madung tawn nna, theoretical equilibrium atsam gaw 3.4 V rai nga ai.

Lithium iron phosphate arung arai ni a arawn alai hpe n-gun jaw ai lam hpe sumla 1.3 hta madun da ai.

Lithium-ion Battery ni a bungli galaw ai atsam

Kaga battery ni hte shingdaw yu yang, lithium-ion battery ni hta lawu na arawn alai ni hpe lithium-ion battery garan gachyan ai ni hte bungli galaw ai ni hku nna grai chye na ai:

N-gun ja ai density.Lithium-ion battery ni a n-gun n-gun gaw 100 W·h/kg hte 200 W·h/L (sh) dai hta jan ai de du wa ai. Kade nna ai aten hta, 200 W·h/kg ngu ai n-gun atsam hpe lu la sai. 400 W·h/kg hte n-gun atsam n-gun 900 W·h/L, grau law ai htunghking battery ni hpe lang nna, n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun jaw ai. Dai majaw, lithium-}ion ni hpe htaw mai ai electronic arung arai ni hte wan jak mawdaw ni hta grai lang ma ai.

Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun ja ai- grup yin hpe n-gun jaw ai.Non{0}}aqueous organic solvent ni hpe lang ai majaw, langai sha rai nga ai-cell voltage gaw 3.6–3.8 V du sai, dai gaw 2–3 lang nickel{{6} n-gun rawng ai hydide (sh) nickel-cadmium battery ni hpe lang ai. 4.5–5 V de cell langai a bungli galaw ai n-gun hpe jat ya lu ai, dai gaw lithium{{12}ion battery ni a n-gun grai law ai a ahkyak ai lam langai rai nga ai.

Tsa law law-rate hpe lu ai majaw charge hte pru wa ai.Ga shadawn, polymer electrolytes hpe lang nna, 10C hta jan nna, shim lum ai hte, n-gun rawng ai ni hpe lu la mai ai, nga nna, n-gun jaw ai ni yawng rai nga ai. lithium-}ion gaw lithium iron phosphate hpe lang nna 100C pru wa lu ai majaw, lithium iron phosphate hpe lang ai.

Tinang hkum hpe n-gun n jaw ai.Nta kata na nbung katsi ai aten hta, shata shagu na hkum hkrang- n-gun shayawm ai n-gun gaw, lithium-} a n-gun n-gun gaw, yawng 10% hta n-pu, nickel- n-gun rawng ai hydrade battery ni (15%) hte, nickel-}cadmium battery ni hta na daw mi hta n-ga, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-nga ai. Lithium iron phosphate battery ni a self{7}} n bung ai lam gaw, madung hku nna 3% hta n law ai.

Hkringmang daju, .n-gun n rawng ai, cadmium, mercury, kaga n kaja ai arung arai ni n lawm ai, grup yin hpe awu asin n galaw ai.

Myit dum ai lam n nga ai.Memory effect ngu ai gaw, n-gun n-gun n-rawng shi yang, bai charge galaw ai shaloi, battery n-gun yawm mat ai mabyin hpe tsun mayu ai (memory effect gaw capacity decay n re). Lithium-ion battery ni gaw myit dum ai lam n nga ai.

Kaja ai shimlum lam.Lithium-ion battery ni gaw, n-gun rawng ai electrode hku nna carbon arung arai ni hpe lang ai, dai hta n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai wan n-gun nga ai. Lithium ions ni gaw carbon hta n-gun n rawng ai sha, n-gun n rawng mat ai majaw, lithium metal hpe n-gun dat dat na masa hpe grai shayawm ya lu nna, battery shim lum ai lam hpe grai kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Kade nna ai aten hta, wan n-gun{{3} n-gun jat ai tsi ni, wan n-gun- hpe n-gun jaw ai garan ginhka ai lam ni, PTC (kaja ai nbung katsi ai lam) jak ni, bawm kapaw ai lam- hpe n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun ni hpe n-gun jaw ai lam ni hpe grai law hkra galaw ya lu ai.

Hkum hkrang galu ai prat.Lithium-ion battery ni a cycle prat gaw, madung hku nna, 500 jan rai nga ai. Lithium iron phosphate battery ni a shingra tara prat gaw, 2000–3000 ning laman rai nga ai. 10,000 jan cycle lu la mai ai (lithium titanate zawn re ai) anode material system ni hte shingdaw yang, 10,000 jan hpe lu la mai ai. Ndai lam gaw lithium iron phosphate battery ni hpe n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn da ai battery system ni a matu kaja dik htum lata la mai ai lam byin shangun ai.