Madung myit masa gaw, battery arung arai ni hta n-gun n rawng ai carbon layer hpe bang na matu, asan sha re ai myit masa rai nga ai. carbon n lawm ai LFP gaw 10^-9 S/cm grup yin hta conductivity nga ai rai nna, dai gaw madung hku nna insulator langai mi rai nga ai. 2-3 wt carbon coating hpe bang dat yang 10^-3 S/cm hpe lu la ai, bungli galaw ai battery hpe galaw lu ai.
Anhte a shara kaw CVD system hte hka lim ai chemical coating line lahkawng yan hpe galaw ga ai. CVD gaw grau kaja ai uniformity jaw ai raitim manu grau law ai. Wet coating gaw application law malawng a matu kaja ai hte arung arai ni gaw grau loi ai.
Anhte a CVD coating atsam hpe yu nna, tsaw ai-end option hte seng nna grau chye mayu yang.
Carbon hte hpa majaw Coat Laknak La Ai Kun?
Law malawng gaw phosphate- kaw lawm ai cathodes ni ra ai. Electronic conductivity gaw coating n galaw ai sha grai hkrit hpa rai nga ai. Iron phosphate, manganese phosphate - langai sha re. oxide cathodes nkau mi pyi, C{5}}rates tsaw ai hpe shadut ai rai yang, coating kaw na akyu lu la ma ai.
Dai coating gaw cathode hte electrolyte lapran na makawp maga ai layer langai zawn mung galaw ya ai. Ndai gaw, maga de na n-gun ni grau lawan ai shara hta grau tsaw ai nbung laru ni hta grau ahkyak nga ai. Anhte mu yu ai gaw, cycle prat gaw coating kaw na sha 40-50% rawt jat wa ai, grau nna cell ni 45℃jan ai shaloi.
Silicon anodes gaw kaga dusat langai mi re. Cycle jawn ai aten hta n-gun jat wa ai (300-400%) gaw law malawng hpe n-gun jaw na re. Nang gaw, n-gun n rawng ai carbon structure (sh) coating gaw cycle loi mi na ai hpang hkrat sum ai. Anhte gaw ndai manghkang hpe masum ning tup bungli galaw ga ai, dai hpang 200 lai wa sai cycle ni hpe teng sha hkam sharang lu ai formulation n lu shi ai.
CVD Coating Process
Anhte a CVD setup gaw 650{{2}750℃hta acetylene (sh) methane gas hpe lang ai. Flow rates gaw batch size hta madung nga ai - 100 kg batch a matu 50-200 sccm. Gas gaw particle ntsa kaw htum mat nna, carbon layer hpe hpaw ya ai.
Thickness control gaw aten hte katsi ai hpe 700℃kaw nna 5-8 nm daram lu la ai. Nang gaw grau galu ai coating ra ai rai yang, grau nna pore blocking hpe grau nna ntsa lam n-gun kaba ai arung arai ni hte sadi u.
CVD carbon a graphic rawng ai lam gaw hka lim ai chemical ladat ni hta grau law ai, dai gaw grau kaja ai conductivity ngu ai lachyum re. Acetylene gaw methane hta grau nna graphic carbon hpe jaw ai raitim, grau manu dan ai hte shim lum ai hku hkam sharang lu ai hkra machyi ai lam langai mi zawn mung rai nga ai.
Anhte a CVD line hta Batch size gaw 10 kg kaw nna 200 kg du hkra rai nga ai. Batch kaba ni byin mai ai raitim, nbung katsi ai lam gaw manghkang byin wa ai. Anhte gaw ndai hpe yak hkak ai hku sharin la lu sai - gaw 500 kg batch hpe kalang sha galaw nna, lapran kaw na arung arai ni a ntsa na coating gaw n bung ai hpe mu lu ai.
Hka lim ai Chemical ladat
Powder hpe glucose hka hte kayau nna, katsi hkra galaw nna, nitrogen nbung hta pyrolyze galaw u. Dai hkaulan mam gaw carbonize galaw nna, particle ni hpe coat galaw ya ai. Simple concept raitim uniform hpe lu la na matu gaw chyam dinglik ai lam nkau mi ra ai.
pH a glucose hparan ladat gaw ahkyak ai. LFP zawn re ai madung arung arai ni a matu anhte gaw pH 4{3}}5 grup yin hpe tawn da ai majaw glucose gaw grau kaja ai hku hkan nang ai. Hka lim ai lahkam gaw ahkyak ai - grai lawan ai hku hkyet mat yang nang gaw n-gun yawm mat ai. Anhte gaw ya anhte a rotary dryer setup hta grau kaja ai spray drying hpe lang ai.
Pyrolysis nbung katsi ai gaw glucose a matu 500-650℃rai nga ai. Katsi ai shara grau tsaw ai gaw graphic carbon grau law hkra jaw ai raitim, carbon dat hpe wan nat hpang wa ai. Citric acid gaw kaga ladat langai mi rai nga ai, glucose hte bung ai mahtai ni hpe jaw ya ai. Nkau customers ni gaw sucrose hpe grau ra sharawng ai raitim, teng sha tsun ga nga yang, anhte gaw performance shai hkat ai lam hpe grai n mu lu ai.
Hka lim ai hka htung kaw na carbon gaw law malawng gaw n-gun n rawng ai-}range graphic domain nkau mi rai nga ai. Conductivity gaw kaja ai, CVD zawn n kaja ai raitim, battery law malawng a matu kaja ai. Coated material a kg mi hta CVD hta 40% daram manu jahpu n law ai.
Anhte galaw lai wa sai ladat ni
LFP cathodes ni gaw anhte a coating volume 70% rai na re. Standard spec gaw 2.5 wt% carbon, 8-10 nm galu ai. Nkau customers ni gaw grau law ai rate application ni a matu 3% hpe ra sharawng ma ai.
Anhte gaw LTO anodes hpe mung n law htum coat galaw ga ai. Kalang lang 1-1.5 wt% carbon gaw ram sai majaw LTO conductivity gaw LFP zawn n kaja ai. Dai coating gaw lawan ai charge galaw na matu ahkyak ai manu kaba ai manu jahpu hpe karum ya ai.
NM811 hte kaga nickel{{1}rich cathodes ni kalang lang gaw, n-gun n rawng ai sha, ntsa lam hpe ngang grin hkra ka-up kau ai. Coating n-gun gaw n-gun n law ai, 3{5}}5 nm rai na re, cathode hte electrolyte lapran na hkrak matut mahkai ai lam hpe shayawm lu na matu sha law nga ai. Ndai lam gaw, n-gun ja ai ni a matu hkrat sum ai ladat langai rai nga ai galai shai ai lam hpe shayawm ya ai.
Silicon composite anode ni gaw yak hkak ai lam ni nga ai. Standard coating gaw volume jat wa ai lam a majaw n mai byin ai. Anhte gaw polymer-}Ded carbon hpe lang nna elasticity nkau mi hte carbon coating hpe gyin shalat ai. Dai gaw manu grau law ai raitim, anhte gaw decent cycle prat hpe lu la na matu langai sha re. Dai aten hta pyi, nang gaw ahkyak ai atsam n htum shi yang, 500-800 cycle ni hpe yu nga ai.
Mawdaw company langai mi gaw shanhte a chyam dinglik ai manganese{{0}rich cathode material hpe coat galaw shangun mayu ai. Dai bungli masing gaw - n mai byin ai, dai gaw coating galaw ai shaloi chemical hku nna n ngang kang ai rai nna, anhte gaw phase galai shai ai lam ni hpe matut nna mu lu ai. Kalang lang coating gaw hparan ladat n re.
Production batch kaw na tengman ai Numbers ni
Lai wa sai shata hta Dingda Korea kaw na customer langai a matu LFP ton 3 hpe coated galaw ai. Target gaw 2.8 wt% carbon re. Batch mahtai gaw 2.65% kaw nna 2.95% lapran rai nna, dai gaw anhte a ±0.3% hkam sharang lu ai lam kata kaw rai nga ai. 10^-3 S/cm 8.2 x 10^-3 S/cm hpe dip da ai pellets ni hta galaw lu ai atsam nga ai.
Ndai hpe shingdaw yu na matu, n-gup magap n kap ai 2.1 x 10^-9 S/cm. Dai gaw, n-gun rawng ai lam hta, 4 million daram rawt jat wa ai, raitim, pressed pellet conductivity hpe particle conductivity hte shingdaw yu yang, hkum tsup ai ladat n re.
25℃hta 1000 lang cycle ngut ai hpang 91% daram n-gun hpe hkam la lu ai atsam hpe madun dan ai. Customer a target gaw 90% re majaw lai mat wa ai.
| Arung arai ni | Carbon Content | Anhte a Typical Range | No.2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFP cathode | 2-3 wt% | 2.3-2.9% | Law malawng gaw jai lang ai lam |
| LTO anode | 1-2 wt% | 1.2-1.7% | LFP hta grau nna ahkyak ai |
| NM/NCA | 0.5-1.5 wt% | 0.8-1.3% | Ntsa lam hpe makawp maga na matu madung hku nna |
| Silicon gaw | 5-10 wt% | 6-9% | Flexible coating ra ai |
Laksan hku nna madun da ai ranges ni gaw anhte galaw shapraw ai hta teng sha lu la ai, theoretical targets ni n re.
Coating Quality Issue ni hpe anhte mu yu sai
N hkum tsup ai coverage gaw, grau nna wet coating hte seng nna, grau sawng ai manghkang rai nga ai. Nang gaw, cycling galaw ai aten hta, buga ginra na n-gun hpe shabyin ya ai particle ntsa kaw na n-gun n rawng ai shara ni hte htum mat ai. Ndai gaw 200-300 cycle ngut ai hpang capacity htum mat ai zawn dan dawng wa ai.
Grai galu ai coating gaw lithium hpe pat shingdang ya ai. Anhte hta batch langai mi nga ai, dai hta coating gaw 25 nm rai nna, nbung laru hpe hkang ai majaw, 25 nm re. Rate atsam gaw grau sawng ai hpe mu lu ai - cell ni gaw 1C discharge hpe n mai hparan ai, voltage n-gun kaba ai n-gun n-gun n-nga ai.
Carbon oxidation gaw kaga lam langai mi rai nga ai. Hka lim ai shara hta ka da ai powder hpe tawn da ra ai. Anhte hta hka lim ai nta langai mi hta arai ni hpe shata kru tup shinggyin tawn da ai customer langai mi nga ai rai nna, carbon rawng ai lam gaw 2.5% kaw nna 1.9% de hkrat sum mat ai. Dai carbon gaw hka lim ai nbung hta loi loi hte oxidize byin wa ai.
Arung arai hte atsam marai
Anhte a madung CVD wan wut gaw 200 kg batch ni hpe hparan ya lu ai. Anhte hta mung, 5-10 kg batch ni a matu, arung arai nnan ni hta coating hpe chyam yu mayu ai shaloi, 5-10 kg batch ni a matu, kaji ai R&D wan wut ai lam nga ai. R&D batch ni a matu Turnar gaw bat 1-2 daram sha re. Production batch ni gaw, arung arai receipt kaw nna htaw sa ai du hkra bat 3-4 ram aten la ra ai.
Wet coating line gaw, batch langai hta 500 kg du hkra, grau law ai throughput ni nga ai. Dai shadawn sharam ai lam gaw, pyrolysis wan wut ai hta grau nna, spray dryer n-gun hpe law malawng tsun ai.
Anhte gaw du na shaning hta CVD system nnan hte atsam hpe jat wa na re, Q{0}}
Rawt jat bungli
Nang hta coating kaw na akyu lu la mai ai arung arai langai ngai nga yang, nang n chye ai rai yang, anhte gaw development test ni hpe galaw mai ai. Minimum quantity gaw 200 grams rai nga ai. Anhte gaw n bung ai coating masa 2-3 hpe chyam yu nna, coin cell ni kaw na coated sample ni hte electrochemical data ni hpe jaw na re.
Rawt jat galu kaba lam a manu gaw chyam dinglik ai lam hta madung nga ai. Coin cell chyam dinglik ai hte madung coating hpe jep joi ai lam gaw $3500 daram rai nga ai. C hpring ai cell build ni zawn re ai grau dam lada ai chyam dinglik lam ni ra ai rai yang (sh) galu ai- aten galu ai cycling hpe garan nna quote galaw mai ai.
Rawt jat lam bungli hte anhte hkrum katut ai manghkang langai gaw, lab mahtai ni gaw galaw shapraw ai shadawn shadang de galoi mung n mai gale ai. Anhte gaw 50 gram scale hku nna grai kaja ai zawn rai nga ai, raitim 50 kg du hkra scale galaw ai shaloi coating uniformity gaw grai hkrit hpa rai nga ai. Particle size garan ginhka ai lam hte ntsa lam lahkawng yan gaw coating akyang lailen hpe hkra machyi shangun nna kalang lang kaji ai gaw kaji ai gaw kaba ai n re.
Manu jahpu jaw ai lam
CVD coating gaw batch size hte coating masat masa hta hkan nna, kg langai hta $2-4 daram jat ya ai. Wet chemical coating gaw kg langai hta $1.50-2.50 re.
Production coating galaw na matu kaji dik htum order gaw 50 kg re. Lawu na hta setup manu gaw n kaja ai. kg npu na rawt jat galu kaba lam a matu anhte gaw setup manu hpe hkanse shaw ai.
Nang gaw anhte kaw na precursor material ni hpe mari ai rai yang (uncoated powder) hte anhte hpe coat galaw shangun ai rai yang, anhte gaw nang hpe na a arung arai ni hpe htaw sa ai hta grau kaja ai manu jahpu hpe lu la mai ai. Logistics ni gaw grau loi ai hte anhte gaw material supplier ni hte hpaw da sai.
Shipping coated material hpe loi mi yu lajang ra ai, hpa majaw nga yang, powder gaw n-hkap la ai arung arai ni hta grau nna pyrophoric re. Anhte gaw UN-a gumhpraw hpe jai lang nna, lamu ga htaw sa ai lam hku sha htaw sa ai. Nbung laru a majaw carbon{3}} hpe n-gun jaw ai arung arai law malawng a matu nbung n-gun hpe n mai lang ai.
Chyam dinglik ai lam hte hkrang shapraw ai lam
Anhte batch shagu hpe jaw ai Standard chyam dinglik ai lam:
Carbon n-gun hpe wan hkru ai lam hpe sawk sagawn ai hku nna (±0.1 wt%)
Tap density
Shapraw ai n-gun garan ai lam (D10, D50, D90)
Hka lum ai lam
SEM sumla ni (hpyi ai hku jaw ai)
Kaga chyam dinglik ai lam ni hpe jat bang mai ai.
Dip da ai pellets ni hta galaw ai lam hpe shadawn ai
BET npu na lamu ga
Crystal structure a matu XRD
TEM cross{0}} daw ni hpe coating n-gun hpe jep chyoi na matu
ICP- MS hpe n san seng ai lam hpe sawk sagawn na matu
Coin cell chyam dinglik ai lam (cycling galaw ai lam, n-gun atsam, n-gun n rawng ai lam)
Customer law malawng gaw madung chyam dinglik ai lam hte conductivity shadawn shadang hpe sha ra sharawng ma ai. Hkum tsup ai hkrang shapraw ai lam gaw, turnaround aten hte manu jahpu ni hpe jat bang na matu bat mi daram jat ya ai.
Anhte n galaw ai hpe
Anhte gaw electrode sheet ni hpe n-hkap la ai. Anhte a jak ni hpe powder coating galaw na matu galaw da ai. Nang gaw, n bung ai ladat langai mi rai nga ai-fabricated electrodes ni hta coating ra ai rai yang.
Anhte mung shimlam hpe grai myit tsang ai arung arai ni hpe n hparan ga ai. Lithium metal powder ni n nga ai, nbung n-gun grai ja ai n-gun-} ni n nga ai. Standard battery arung arai ni gaw kaja ai raitim, na a arung arai ni gaw nbung hta shi hkrai shi hkrat sum mat yang anhte n mai galaw ai.
Ultra-high san seng ai coating (semiconductor grade) gaw anhte a myit maju n jung ai. Anhte hpe battery arung arai ni a matu hpaw da ai rai nna, san seng ai lam kaja ai raitim, san seng ai nta madang n re. Nang sub-}pm n san seng ai hpe hkang ai lam ra ai rai yang kaga shara langai mi ra ai.
Customer ga shadawn ni
Michigan kaw na battery company langai mi gaw shanhte a silicon-graphite anode arung arai ni hpe anhte hpe sa ya ai. Shanhte gaw 150 cycle ngut ai hpang capacity htum mat ai hpe mu nga ma ai. Anhte gaw anhte a galai shai ai carbon tsi ladat hte shinggrup nna, shanhte gaw cycle prat hpe 600 du hkra lu la ai. Arung arai manu gaw $3.50/kg jat wa ai raitim, bungli galaw ai lam hpe gram lajang ai lam gaw shanhte a application a matu dai hpe tara shang shatai ya ai.
Kaga bungli masing langai gaw, European mawdaw customer langai a matu NCM811 hpe coating galaw ai. Shanhte gaw voltage grai law ai (4.3V cutoff) hta n-gun yawm mat na hpe myit tsang nga ma ai. Standard NCM811 gaw 500 lang ngut ai hpang 15% n-gun yawm mat ai hpe mu lu ai. 1 wt carbon coating hte ntsa lam tsi ladat nkau mi hte anhte gaw dai hpe 8% n-gun yawm mat hkra lu la ga ai. Dai coating gaw - mung shanhte a electrolyte - hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai raitim, karum ya ai.
Anhte gaw sawk sagawn hpung langai hte rau, cathode mahkawn nnan hpe gyin shalat ai (lithium{{0}rich NCM variant). Dai arung arai gaw kaja ai raitim hkrit hpa manu atsam nga ai. 2% carbon hte coating galaw ngut ai hpang 1C kaw na pru ai atsam gaw 140 mAh/g kaw nna 168 mAh/g de rawt jat wa ai. Conductivity gaw dai arung arai a matu shadawn sharam ai lam rai nga ai.
Kalang lang coating gaw manghkang hpe n hparan ya ai. Anhte gaw shanhte a cell ni hta lawan ai atsam nga ai customer langai mi nga ai rai nna, coating gaw dai hpe gram lajang na ngu myit la ma ai. Anhte sawk sagawn ngut ai hpang shanhte a fade gaw lawan ai hku charge galaw ai shaloi anode ntsa na lithium plating a majaw re ai hpe mu lu ai. Dai hpe cating galaw ai gaw dai lam hpe n karum ya na re. Shanhte a charge galaw ai ladat hpe yu na malai shanhte hpe yu na matu anhte hpaji jaw ga ai.
Hpaji masa hte seng ai arung arai ni
Hpaji masa hte seng nna grau chye mayu yang, carbon coating hte seng ai laika nkau mi hpe anhte shapraw da sai. Law malawng gaw paywalls ni a hpang kaw nga ai raitim nang anhte hpe matut mahkai yang PDF ni hpe sa mai ai.
Lithium iron phosphate arung arai ni hte bungli galaw nna, battery chemistry maga hpe chye na mayu ai rai yang, ndai laika hta lawm ai [lithium ion ion chosphate battery] gaw madung lam ni hpe grai kaja hkra shinggrup da ai. Battery chemistry hpe chye na ai gaw, hpa majaw coating gaw LFP a matu dai zawn shai hkat ai lam hpe hkrak hkrak tsun dan lu ai.
