Battery cell gaw hpa rai ta?
Nawku Htingnu
Battery langai sha, "cell" ngu nna mung shamying ai, battery gaw battery a kaji dik htum unit re. Madung hku nna, cathode (Chode Electrode), anode (Anode Electrode), electrolyte (Electrolyte), garan ginhka ai (Separator), hte mabyin (Case) ni hte hpawng de da ai.
Lithium-ion cell langai a electrode sheet hpe, madung hku nna daw mali lawm ai, n-gun rawng ai arung arai langai hku nna garan ginhka mai ai:
1)Lit ions ni hpe shingdaw ai (sh) n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni; cathode particles ni gaw lithium npawt nhpang hpe jaw ya nna, anode particles ni gaw lithium ions hpe hkap la ai.
2)Cru hkrum ai wa hte ya aten na mahkawng da ai ni a kayau kaya ai majaw byin pru wa ai conductive phase (carbon gel daw), binder gaw bonding function hpe galaw ya ai; coating gaw ya na mahkawng da ai wa hte conductive agent hku nna electron ni hpe galaw ai.
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4)Ya aten hta mahkawng da ai wa.
Electrochemical ladat hta, electrode coating hta madung hku nna lawu na lam 4 lawm ai:
1)Electron htaw sa ai lam.
2)Dai hku nna htaw sa ai.
3) electrolyte/electrode particle lapran kaw galai shai ai lam, ngu ai gaw, electrochemical reaction.
4)lid phase kata kaw lithium ion ni hpe garan kachyan ai lam. Electrode sheet a microstructure hta, particle kaba ai hte garan ginhka ai lam gaw lithium-ion diffusion lam hpe hkra machyi shangun nna, electrochemical reaction a npawt nhpang npu na lamu ga hpe hkra machyi shangun ai; pore size hte garan gachyan ai lam gaw electrolyte a htawt sit ai lam hpe hkra machyi shangun ai; porosity gaw active material a n-gun hte electrochemical reaction a ntsa na lamu ga hpe hkra machyi shangun ai. Ndai microstructural arawn alai ni yawng gaw hpang jahtum e battery galaw ai lam hpe shadut ya ai.
Cathode a hkrang sumla
Dai cell cathode gaw madung hku nna LiCoO kaji, conductive agent, binder (PVDF) zawn re ai cathode arung arai ni hte hpawng de da ai (aluminium mana maka), sumla 7-2 hta madun da ai hte maren.
Lithium-ion battery ni a matu, cathode ya na mahkawng da ai wa gaw, aluminum foil rai nna, anode ya na mahkawng da ai wa gaw,magri shat. Battery kata na ya na mahkawng da ai wa a ngang grin lam hpe kam na matu, lahkawng yan a san seng ai lam gaw 98% jan rai ra ai. Lithium-ion battery ni gaw, anode a matu cathode hte copper foil a matu aluminum foil lang ai lam a lachyum gaw lawu na 3 points ni rai nga ai:
1)Copper hte aluminum gaw wan n-gun kaja ai, n-gun n rawng ai, manu n law ai. Lithium-ion battery a bungli galaw ai npawt nhpang gaw, chemical n-gun hpe wan n-gun de galai shai shangun ai electrochemical jak langai mi re. Ndai lam hta, chemical n-gun hpe wan n-gun de htawt na matu medium langai mi ra ai, dai gaw conductive arung arai langai mi ra ai. Masha law malawng lang ai arung arai ni hta, magri ni gaw kaja dik htum wan n-gun hpe hkam la lu ai, magri ni hta, magri hte aluminum ni gaw, magri mang shingnip hte aluminum foil hku nna, grai kaja ai n-gun hte manu n law ai hpe jaw ya lu ai. Lithium-ion battery ni hta, madung hku nna, galaw ai ladat lahkawng nga ai: shinggrup nna, shingjawng ai lam. Stacking hte shingdaw yu yang, winding gaw, n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai sha, n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai sha, n-gun n-rawng ai (sh) n-gun n-rawng ai aten hta, n-gun n-rawng mat na matu, battery hpe hkyen lajang na matu lang ai electrode sheets ni ra ai. Metal arung arai ni hta, magri hte aluminum foil ni gaw n-gun n rawng ai, n-gun ja ai magri/aluminum foil ni gaw manu dan ai, magri hte aluminum foil ni gaw manu n-htuk ai, magri hte aluminum arung arai ni gaw mungkan ting hta law law nga ai.
2)Copper hte aluminum foil ni mung nbung hta grai ngang grin ai. Aluminum gaw nbung hta oxygen hte chemical hku nna loi loi hte bai htang ai majaw, npu kaw na n-gun ja ai oxide film byin wa ai majaw, aluminum hpe grau nna n-gun n jaw lu ai. Ndai copper/aluminum a oxide film mung, electrolyte kata na aluminum hpe makawp maga ya lu ai lam langai ngai hpe jaw ya ai. Copper hkum nan gaw nbung hta n-gun n rawng ai sha, madung hku nna nbung hta chemical reaction n byin ai.
. Cathode atsam grai law ai, copper foil gaw n-gun kaba ai shara kaw loi loi hte oxidized byin ai, aluminum gaw oxidation atsam grai law ai hte shi a ntsa na layer ntsa hta n-gun ja ai oxide film langai mi nga ai, dai gaw kata na aluminum a matu mung kaja ai makawp maga lam hpe jaw ya ai.
Metallic aluminum a crystal lattice hta, magri hte aluminum ni gaw Li hte bung ai size ni nga ai rai nna, Li hte rau LiAl zawn re ai intermetallic compound ni hpe loi loi hte galaw lu ai. Li hte Al gaw, chemical formula LiAl hte rau alloy hpe sha n-ga, Liq₉R, Li kaji, Li₅ Al hte Li₂ Alloy layers ni hpe mung hpaw ya lu ai. Ndai alloy layers ni gaw Li law law hpe jai lang nna, Al a hkrang hte hkrang hpe hkra machyi shangun ai majaw, lithium-ion battery ni a anode current mahkawng da ai hku nna n mai lang ai; Cu gaw battery charge- n-gun n-gun hpe grai n-gun n jaw ai sha, structural hte electrochemical stability hpe matut manoi tawn da ai majaw, lithium-}ion battery ni a matu anode ya aten na mahkawng da ai wa hku nna htuk manu ai. 3.5V hta copper foil a matu, polarization current gaw grai law jat wa nna, linear hku rawt jat wa ai, grau grau n-gun ja wa ai, dai gaw Cu mung battery kata de hka lim hpang wa ai hpe madun ai; aluminium foil a matu polarization byin mai ai shara ting hta, polarization current gaw kaji nna ngang grin ai, dan dawng ai n-gun n rawng ai lam ni hpe mu lu ai, electrochemical stability hpe n-gun jaw ya ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun jaw lu ai.
Magri/aluminum ntsa na oxide layer gaw semiconductors ni a matu rai nna, electron ni hpe galaw ai; oxide layer grai n-gun ja ai rai yang, impedance kaba ai; shaloi aluminum ntsa na aluminum oxide layer gaw insulator rai nna wan n-gun n lu galaw ai, raitim grai n-gun n rawng ai majaw, electron conduction hpe tunneling effect hku nna lu la ai; oxide layer gaw n-gun ja ai rai yang, magri/aluminum foil a conductivity gaw n kaja ai (sh) n-gun n rawng ai. Madung hku nna, copper/aluminum foil hpe oxide layer hpe jasan jaseng ra ai, dai hpang kaga maga de sau hte n-gun ja ai oxide layers ni hpe shaw kau na matu lang ra ai. Cathode atsam grai law ai, aluminum oxide layer gaw grai n-gun ja ai majaw, ya na mahkawng da ai wa a oxidation hpe pat shingdang lu ai. Copper/nickel etc. a Oxide layers ni gaw loi loi sha n-gun n rawng ai, ya na mahkawng da ai hpe loi loi hte pat shingdang lu ai hte battery hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Dai aten hta, lithium-ion battery ni a anode atsam gaw n law ai, magri/nckel gaw oxidation reactions ni hpe hkam sha na rai nna, oxidation/copper/de{6}} ]lihiation byin ai lam ni gaw magri/nickel ntsa kaw byin pru wa ai, aluminum gaw LiAl aloying hpe grai law ai shara kaw hkrum sha nga ai.
Ya aten na mahkawng da ai wa gaw, san seng ai mahkawn hpe ra ai. Al hta n bung ai lam ni gaw, ntsa na sumla hkrung hpe n-gun n rawng hkra galaw ya nna, n-gun n rawng ai lam byin shangun na re, grau sawng ai hku nna, ntsa na sumla hkrung hpe jahten kau ai gaw LiAl alloy byin pru wa shangun ai.
Ya aten na mahkawng da ai wa gaw, san seng ai mahkawn hpe ra ai. Al hta n bung ai lam ni gaw, ntsa na sumla hkrung hpe n-gun n rawng hkra galaw ya nna, grau sawng ai gaw, ntsa na sumla hkrung hpe jahten kau ai majaw, LiAl alloy byin pru wa ai.
Lithium-ion battery ni a matu, cathode aluminum foil hpe 16μm kaw nna 14μm de shayawm kau sai, dai hpang 12μm de shayawm kau sai, ya gaw 10μm aluminum foil gaw masha law law hpe shapraw nga ai, nkau mi gaw 8μm hpe pyi lang ai; anode copper foil a matu, shi a shingra tara hku nna grau kaja ai n-gun atsam a majaw, shi a galu kaba ai lam hpe shawng na 12μm kaw nna 10μm du hkra, dai hpang 8μm de shayawm kau sai, ya aten hta battery law law gaw mass{9}}} hpe 6μm lang nna, galaw shapraw ai nkau mi gaw 5μm/4μm hpe mung galaw nga ai rai nna, dai ni hpe mung jai lang mai ai. Lithium-ion battery ni gaw lang ai magri mang n-gun a matu san seng ai lam grai ra ai majaw, arung arai density gaw madung hku nna madang langai sha hta rai nga ai. Rawt jat galu kaba wa nga ai n-gun yawm wa ai hte maren, areal density yawm wa ai hte maren, battery a n-gun gaw shingra tara hku nna n-gun yawm wa nna, grau n-gun yawm wa ai, dai gaw lithium-ion battery ni hpe ra sharawng ai lam hpe hkan sa ai.
Ya aten na mahkawng da ai ni a matu, shanhte a galu kaba ai lam hte lithium-ion battery ni hpe hkra machyi shangun ai hta n-ga, ya aten na mahkawng da ai ni a ntsa na atsam ni mung, battery galaw ai lam hte bungli galaw ai lam hta grai hkra machyi shangun ai. Grau nna, anode current mahkawng da ai wa a matu, hkyen lajang ai hpaji masa hta n kaja ai lam ni a majaw, gat lawk hta nga ai magri mang ni gaw madung hku nna langai sha rai nga ai- hpe n-gun n rawng ai, double{3}} hpe n-gun n rawng ai, lahkawng lang-} maga na n-gun ja ai nsam ni hpe n-gun n rawng ai. Ndai asymmetric lahkawng{6}} maga na hkrang gaw, maga lahkawng maga de asymmetric matut mahkai ai lam hpe ninghkap ai lam hpe shabyin ya na rai nna, maga lahkawng maga de anode n-gun hpe langai sha n-gun dat dat ai hpe pat shingdang na; dai aten hta, maga lahkawng maga na asymmetry gaw, anode coating a n bung ai n-gun hpe mung shabyin ya na re, dai gaw, maga lahkawng maga de anode coating a anode coating a grai n rap ra ai charge a n-gun hpe shabyin ya na re, dai gaw, battery a atsam n-gun yawm ai lam hpe grau lawan shangun ai.
Cell langai a cathode formulation gaw cell a madung hpaji masa rai nga ai. Lawu na gaw:
1)LiCoO€ (10μm): 96.0%.
2)Gasat gala ai lam (Carbon ECP): 2.0%.
3)Binder (PVDF 761): 2.0%.
4)Adhesion hpe n-gun jaw ai (NMP): N-gun ja ai arung arai ni a n-gun shadawn shadang gaw 810:1496 daram rai nga ai.
Cathode masat masa ni hpe sadi maja ai lam ni:
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2)NMP a n-gun hpe htuk manu ai hku gram lajang nna, n-gun rawng ai lam hpe hkan sa ra ai.
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Cathode arung arai lithium oxide: Cathode a shamu shamawt ai arung arai, lithium ion npawt nhpang gaw, battery a matu lithium npawt nhpang hpe jaw ya ai. Non{1}}polar n-gun, n tara ai hkrang, particle size D50, 6-8μm, hka n-gun n law ai, 0.2% hta grau nna n-gun n law ai (sh) maren sha rai nga ai, law malawng alkaline, pH 10-11.
Cathode material lithium manganese oxide: Non{0}}polar n-gun, n tara ai hkrang, n-gun n-gun D50 5-7μm, hka n-gun n-gun n law ai, 0.2% hta grau nna (sh) maren sha rai nga ai, law malawng gaw n-gun kya ai alkaline, pH grup yin 8.
Hpaji rawng ai wa: Chain- zawn re ai arung arai, hka lim ai lam<1%, particle size generally 1~5um.Superconductive carbon black with excellent conductivity is usually used, such as KetjenblackCarbon ECP and ECP600JD. lts function is to improve the conductivity of the cathode material,compensate for the electronic conductivity of the cathode active material; increase the electrolyteabsorption of the cathode sheet, expand the reaction interface, and reduce polarization.
Binder (PVDF): N-n-re-polar substance, chain- zawn, 30000000000000000 kaw nna 30000000 du hkra; hka hpe hkap la ngut ai hpang molecular weight yawm mat ai majaw, n-gun n rawng ai. lt gaw lithium cobalt oxide, n-gun rawng ai n-gun, aluminum foil (sh) aluminum mesh togethelAdhesion hpe n-gun jaw ai (NMP) hpe n-gun jaw na matu n-gun n rawng ai, n-gun n rawng ai polar liquid, PVDF hpe jahten kau/swell/swell galaw na matu lang nna, dai slurry hpe kalang ta jai lang na matu jai lang ai.
Ya aten na mahkawng da ai wa (cathode tab): aluminum foil (sh) aluminum strip galaw ai.
Anode a hkrang sumla
Dai cell anode structure gaw graphite arung arai, conductive agent, n-gun ja ai (CMC), binder (SBR), hte ya aten na mahkawng da ai wa (copper foil) ni lawm nna, sumla 7-3 hta madun da ai hte maren.
Cell langai a anode formulation mung cell a madung madung hpaji masa langai mi rai nga ai, madung hku nna lawu na hte maren:
1)Anode arung arai (graphite): 94.5%.
2)Gasat gala ai lam (Carbon ECP): 1.0% (Ketjenblack).
3)Binder (sttyrene-lubbed latx, SBR): 2.25%.
4)Hpyen la (carboxymethy cellulose, CMC): 2.25%.
5)Hka: ngang kang ai arung arai ni a n-gun shadawn shadang gaw 1600:1417.5 re.
Anode hpe masat masa galaw ai lam ni:
1)Anode gaw 5000-6000cP hta n-gun n-gun hpe hkang lu ai (temperature 25℃).
2)Hka a n-gun hpe htap htuk ai hku gram lajang ra ai majaw, n-gun rawng ai lam hpe hkan sa ra ai.
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Graphite: Anode active material, anode reaction hpe madung tawn ai, madung hku nna gaw, shingra tara graphite hte artificial graphite ngu ai daw kaba lahkawng hku garan nna galaw ai. Non{1}}polar substance, non{2}}polar substances ni a majaw loi loi hte n-gun n rawng ai, non{3}}}polar lu sha ni hta loi loi hte bra ayai mat ai; hka hpe hkam la na matu n loi ai, hka hta bra ayai na matu mung n loi ai. Hka hta bra ayai mat ai hpang, awu asin re ai graphite gaw, bai{5}}}agglomerate hpe bai galaw chye ai. General particle size D50 gaw 20μm daram rai nga ai. Particle hkrang ni gaw amyu myu rai nna, law malawng gaw n tara ai, madung hku nna spherical, flaky, fibrous, etc.
Conductive agent a bungli ni:
1)Anode sheet a conductivity hpe gram lajang nna, anode active material a electronic conductivity hpe gram lajang na.
2)Reaction depth hte jai lang ai lam hpe jat wa hkra galaw na.
3)Drites ni a prat hpe pat shingdang na.
4)Agraphite particle size garan ginhka ai lam hte maren, n-gun jat ai lam hpe jat wa hkra, n-gun shayawm ai lam hpe jat wa hkra, n-gun shayawm ai arung arai ni a liquid{{1}absorbing atsam hpe jai lang na.
Additives: N mai nhtang wa ai n-gun hpe shayawm ya ai, n-gun ja ai hte n-gun yawm ai hpe shayawm ya ai, n-gun yawm ai hpe pat shingdang ya ai.
Thicker/anti- hpe n-gun jaw ai tsi (CMC): Hka hte polar hka hta loi loi hte lwi lu ai molecular compound.
Isopropanol: N-gun n rawng ai polar hpe; jat nna, binder ntsin a polarity hpe shayawm ya lu ai, graphite hte binder ntsin lapran na htuk manu ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai; n-gun ja ai defoaming effect nga ai; n-gun n-gun hpe loi loi hte catalyze galaw ya nna, binder network hpe loi loi hte n-gun jaw ya nna, bonding n-gun hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai.
Ethanol: N-gun n rawng ai polar substance; jat nna, binder ntsin a polarity hpe shayawm ya lu ai, graphite hte binder ntsin lapran na htuk manu ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai; n-gun ja ai defoaming effect nga ai; n-gun ja ai linear cross{0}}linking hpe n-gun ja shangun nna, bonding n-gun hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai (isopropanol hte ethanol a bungli ni gaw madung hku nna maren sha rai nga ai; mass{1}}produceing galaw ai shaloi, manu jahpu ni hpe gara hpe jat bang na hpe lata na matu myit yu mai ai).
Hka- hta lawm ai hka htung (SBR): graphite, conductive agent, additives, hte magri hka htung (sh) magri mesh ni hpe rau shingdaw ai; linear chain emulsion molecule, hka hte polar hka hta grai lwi ai.
Hka htung hka (sh) distilled water: Diluent, htap htuk ai hku jat bang yang, hka htung a ntsin hpe galai shai kau ya lu ai.
Anode tab: magri n-gang (sh) magri mang hpe galaw ai.
